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Hemorrhoids are caused by swollen veins inside the rectum or outside the anus can cause pain, anal itching and rectal bleeding.
The rectum is the part of the large intestine just before the anus. Bleeding from the rectum can be caused by hemorrhoids, dysentery, or an inflammatory bowel disease. Rectal bleeding can be a sign of diverticular disease, which is caused by a lack of fiber in the diet.
Anyone can experience hemorrhoids, though they are often the result of straining – and therefore are more common when you are constipated or after vaginal childbirth in females. Rectal bleeding in children can easily result from constipation, but might also result from a twisted bowel or intestinal obstruction and must be evaluated immediately.
For minimal bleeding due to hemorrhoids or rectal fissures, physicians will usually direct home treatment with lots of water, ice packs and possibly over the counter ointments or suppositories to create movement in the bowels or to soften the stool. Emergency treatment might include an IV in the case of dehydration. The patient could be admitted to the hospital if excessive blood loss has occurred and the vital signs are not normal.
When fever, pain, vomiting, lightheadedness or discolored stool (black or maroon colored) accompanies rectal bleeding, consult a physician right away. Severe rectal bleeds can be life threatening and should be evaluated in the ED immediately.